[1]陈俊韬,曾恒,田八树,等.矿区干扰对鄂西南森林群落结构与物种多样性的影响[J].江苏林业科技,2026,53(02):11-18.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7380.2026.02.002]
　Chen Juntao,Zeng Heng,Tian Bashu,et al.Effects of mining disturbance on forest community structure and species diversity in Southwest Hubei[J].Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science &Technology,2026,53(02):11-18.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7380.2026.02.002]
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矿区干扰对鄂西南森林群落结构与物种多样性的影响

《江苏林业科技》[ISSN:1001-7380/CN:32-1236/S]

卷:
第53卷
期数:
2026年02期
页码:
11-18
栏目:
试验研究
出版日期:
2026-04-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
Effects of mining disturbance on forest community structure and species diversity in Southwest Hubei
文章编号:
1001-7380（2026）02-0011-08
作者:
陈俊韬; 曾恒; 田八树; 杨浩; 邓爱莹
湖北木林子国家级自然保护区管理局,湖北 恩施 445000
Author(s):
Chen Juntao;  Zeng Heng;  Tian Bashu;  Yang Hao;  Deng Aiying
Administration of Hubei Mulinzi National Nature Reserve，Enshi 445000, China
关键词:
矿区干扰; 森林; 群落结构; 物种多样性; 鄂西南
Keywords:
Mining disturbance;  Forest;  Community structure;  Species diversity;  Southwest Hubei
分类号:
S718.5；S718.54；S718.55+1.1
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.1001-7380.2026.02.002
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
探究矿区干扰对鄂西南高生物多样性区域群落林分结构、物种组成与多样性的影响，为该地区生态恢复与森林保护提供科学依据。通过收集资料，并在实地踏查的基础上，选择矿区干扰明显的样点，采用典型样地法设置21块20 m×20 m的调查样地，对比分析重度（距干扰源0—30 m）、中度（距干扰源30—60 m）、轻度（距干扰源60 m以上）3种干扰强度下森林群落林分结构、物种组成与多样性的变化。主要研究结果如下：（1）林分密度、胸高断面积、平均胸径、平均树高、胸径丰富度、树高丰富度6个林分结构特征指标均随干扰强度的增加而下降。（2）研究区共记录维管束植物69科135属172种，其中重度干扰区域比轻度干扰区域少17科29属35种，草本层物种数高于乔木层与灌木层，干扰使物种消失进而导致不同林层均频繁出现优势种的更替。（3）不同植被层物种多样性对矿区干扰的响应存在差异，乔木层和灌木层的物种丰富度与Shannon-Wiener指数随干扰强度增加显著下降，而草本层在中度干扰下多样性最高，符合中度干扰假说；乔木层Bray-Curtis距离指数和Jaccard距离指数与干扰强度呈正相关，灌木层、草本层与之相反，干扰通过改变环境影响生态位特征与种间关系，导致灌草层物种组成的差异。矿区干扰使森林群落林分结构趋于简单化，乔木层和灌木层物种多样性下降，并导致不同林层物种组成发生明显变化。
Abstract:
This study aims to investigate the effects of mining disturbances on the stand structure, species composition, and diversity of forest communities in a high-biodiversity region of Southwest Hubei, in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration and forest conservation in the area. Based on data collection and field surveys, sample sites with significant mining disturbances were selected. Using the typical plot method, 21 plots (20 m × 20 m) were established to compare and analyze the changes in forest community structure, species composition, and diversity under three disturbance intensities: severe (0—30 m away from the disturbance source), moderate (30—60 m), and light (beyond 60 m). The main research findings included that (1) Six stand structure indicators i.e, stand density, basal area, mean diameter at breast height (DBH), mean tree height, DBH richness, and tree height richness all decreased with increasing disturbance intensity. (2) A total of 172 vascular plant species, 135 genera, 69 families were recorded. The severe disturbance area had 35 species, 29 genera, 17 families fewer than the light disturbance area. The herb layer exhibited higher species richness than the tree and shrub layers. Disturbances led to species loss and frequent replacement of dominant species across all layers. (3) The response of species diversity to mining disturbances varied among difference plant layers. The species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of the tree and shrub layers significantly decreased with increasing disturbance intensity, while the herb layer reached its highest diversity under moderate disturbance, consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. The Bray-Curtis and Jaccard distance indices of the tree layer were positively correlated with disturbance intensity, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the shrub and herb layers. Disturbances directly caused species composition differences in the tree layer through tree removal, while changes in environmental conditions and niche characteristics influenced species composition in the shrub and herb layers. Mining disturbance simplified forest stand structure, reduced species diversity in the tree and shrub layers, and caused marked changes in species composition across all layers.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期：2026-01-11;修回日期：2026-02-20
基金项目：湖北木林子国家级自然保护区典型植被群落结构及生态系统服务功能调查（ZLESZB-25016）
作者简介：陈俊韬（1997- ），男，湖北巴东人，助理工程师，大学本科毕业。从事森林保护研究。E-mail:729837936@qq.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-08-12